If you’re trading goods across EU borders, having an EORI number isn’t optional — it’s mandatory. The Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI) number is required for all businesses and individuals involved in importing or exporting goods to or from the European Union. It is the unique identification number used by EU customs to monitor, track, and authorize shipments across borders.
Without an EORI number, customs clearance will be delayed, shipments may be held, and your business could face unnecessary fines or disruptions.
Whether you are an EU-based company, a UK trader post-Brexit, or a global e-commerce business selling to the EU, understanding the role and process of EORI registration is essential for smooth trade operations.
What Is an EORI Number?
An EORI number is a unique ID issued by EU customs authorities to economic operators — that is, companies or individuals involved in customs-related activities. It is used to track customs information, submit declarations, and clear goods at EU borders.
An EORI number is required for importing or exporting goods into or out of the EU, and also for communication with customs administrations electronically.
It is typically structured as a country code followed by a unique number (e.g., DE1234567890 for a company registered in Germany). This number must be included in customs declarations, invoices, and transport documents.
Who Needs an EORI Number?
Any business or individual engaging in customs activities within the EU must have an EORI number. This includes:
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EU-based companies importing or exporting goods
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Non-EU businesses shipping goods to customers in the EU
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Logistics providers, freight forwarders, and customs brokers
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UK businesses trading with the EU post-Brexit
For EU-based operators, the EORI is obtained from the national customs authority in the country of establishment. For non-EU businesses, it must be obtained from the EU country where they first interact with EU customs (usually the first port of entry or the location of their appointed customs representative).
Why Is an EORI Number Important for EU Trade?
The EORI system was introduced to streamline customs operations and improve transparency across member states. It allows customs authorities to uniquely identify traders and monitor all cross-border goods movement.
Without an EORI number, you cannot legally submit customs declarations, apply for authorizations, or benefit from simplified procedures such as deferred payment of duties.
Delays at customs due to a missing or incorrect EORI number can lead to costly logistics errors, returned shipments, and lost sales. Additionally, using a valid EORI number reduces the risk of errors in customs documentation and helps ensure compliance with EU import/export regulations.
How to Register for an EORI Number in the EU
The process is generally straightforward for EU businesses. You apply through your national customs authority’s online portal by submitting business details, tax information (e.g., VAT ID), and contact details. Once validated, your EORI number is usually issued within a few business days.
Non-EU companies must select a specific EU country to register in — typically the one where their shipments first enter the EU or where their customs agent operates.
Some EU countries require non-EU applicants to appoint a local fiscal representative or customs broker, especially for VAT-related obligations. Once registered, the EORI number is valid across all EU member states.
Common Mistakes to Avoid with EORI
While EORI is relatively simple to obtain, businesses often make preventable errors that lead to customs delays. Here are common issues to watch out for:
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Not applying early enough before shipments arrive
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Using an incorrect EORI format in customs declarations
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Assuming your VAT ID is the same as your EORI number
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Failing to renew or update EORI details after a business change
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Not registering in the right EU country if you’re a non-EU entity
To avoid complications, double-check your number format, maintain updated company data, and communicate clearly with freight partners or customs agents.
The Relationship Between EORI and VAT
While an EORI number and VAT number are different, they often work together. For instance, if your company is registered for VAT in the EU, that information may be linked to your EORI number.
This connection is especially important for businesses using schemes like the Import One-Stop Shop (IOSS) or reverse charge mechanisms. Ensuring that your VAT and EORI registrations are properly aligned helps maintain a smooth flow of goods and tax compliance across borders.
Costs and Maintenance
EORI registration is free of charge in most EU countries. However, some third-party customs agents or fiscal representatives may charge a service fee, especially if handling the application for a non-EU company.
Once issued, the number does not expire, but you are responsible for updating your data if your business changes its address, legal structure, or tax ID. Keeping your EORI information current ensures continued customs access and avoids delays.
Streamlining Trade Across the EU
Having a valid EORI number is a foundational requirement for doing business in the EU’s single market. It supports faster customs clearance, reduces documentation errors, and ensures full regulatory compliance.
For businesses looking to expand across European borders, an EORI number is the first step toward efficient and professional international operations.
Whether you are a large-scale importer or a growing e-commerce brand, registering for and managing your EORI number properly positions your company for success in the complex world of cross-border logistics.
